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Philosophy of Immamate-Caliphate, Shia point of view

Philosophy of Immamate-Caliphate, Shia point of view

Shia ithna ashari (12 Imamies) point of view about Caliphate (Imamate) is very logical and natural. It really makes sense as compare to Sunni point of view about Caliphate. It fulfils all the requirements of Islam.

Sunni point of view brings objection to the Holy Prophet (pbuh) that he did not appoint anybody after him. It did not happen throughout whole human history that somebody is head of state, left his nation with natural death but did not appoint his successor or did not introduce any system that will take care of his nation.

Please read our article about it: Sunni point of view about Caliphate.

When we talk about the successorship of the Prophet of Islam, It means that the successor of the Prophet is given two authorities (a) to rule upon the people, implement the rules of Islam. (b) Having Authority to explain and interpret the laws of Quran and Sunnah.

We want to say here although it is important being the head of Islamic state to implement the laws of Islam. But it is more important to explain and interpret the verses of Quran and Sunnah of the Prophet.

There should be someone officially appointed by the Holy Prophet who must explain Quran and the Sunnah in the case of differences.

Allah made an arrangement to unite the believers by appointing the successors of his messenger. Allah let his messenger to announce his successors.

Please note this point that Quran is not given to the Prophet as a book form. Quranic verses were revealed gradually on different occasions.

When somebody writes a book, it is easy to understand his theme by relating his Paragraphs that we can easily understand what writer actually wants to say. But when someone speaks in different parts on different occasions, then there are so many chances of misunderstanding and misinterpretations.

Especially Arabic language is very rich, one word has different meanings, In Quran sometimes some words are used in the dictionary meanings but in the other verses same word has been used to its specific meanings.

If we take away the concept of successorship of the Holy Prophet, the objection directly comes to Allah that Allah did not make any arrangement for explanation of his words.

A book cannot be understood completely without teacher. If we have laws in the book, but no one to explain them and to implement them, it does not work.

In the light of above explanation, now we can easily understand the Messenger of Allah’s true hadiths I am leaving two weighty things among you Quran and Ahlabait (Muslim, Tirmidhi, Nissaie and many other books)

Other hadiths of the Prophet explain who Ahlalbait are: Those are special people, (successors of the Prophet) officially appointed for the interpretation of Quran and the Sunnah of prophet (pbuh).

Now let us listen to our Sunni brothers: Sunni brothers say that the holy Prophet said I am leaving two things Quran and Sunnah. The interesting thing is that this hadith is not mentioned in (SIHAH SITTA) 6 authentic books of hadith from Sunni source ”that I am leaving two things among you Quran and my sunnah, these two things will never astray from each other until they will see me at the pond of kauthar (at the day of judgment) narrated by Abu Hurairah”

Our Sunni brothers do not know or do not tell to people about the hadith which is mentioned in their authentic books (Muslim, Tirmidhi, Nissaie etc.) that the Prophet (pbuh) said I am leaving two weighty things among you Quran and Ahlalbait.

But the hadith which is not even their 6 authentic books, they propagate about it days and nights.

If we pay attention on the wordings of the hadith which is narrated by Abu Hurairah about Quran and Sunnah! We will realize this is not the Holy Prophet’s wording.

As Abu Hurairah narrated, the Prophet said “I am leaving two things among you Quran and my Sunnah, these two things will never astray from each other until they will see me at the pond of kauthar.”

The Prophet does not have to give guarantee about his action (Sunnah) that this will not astray from Quran. Allah already testifies about the Prophet that the Prophet does not speak on his own but only revelation. The believers already believe that the Sunnah of the Prophet is according to Quran.

Why the Prophet has to give guarantee to believers that my Sunnah won’t astray from Quran until they meet me at the pond of Kauthar?

Is the Sunnah of the Prophet is living thing? Is there any chance that it will go here and there?

Abu Hurairah made this vs. true hadiths about Ahlalbait: Jabir bin Abdullah said: "I saw the Messenger of Allah during his Hajj, on the Day of Arafah (on his last pilgrimage). He was upon his camel Al-Qaswa, giving a Khutbah, so he said: O People! Indeed, I have left among you, that which if you hold fast to it, you shall not go astray: The Book of Allah (Quran) and my Family, the People of my House (Ahlul-Bait), (Tarimdhi chapter virtues of Ahlabait)

When the Prophet mentioned about Ahlalbait that Ahlalbait and Quran will never astray from each other, it makes sense. The Prophet guaranteed about some special people (successors from his progeny).

 There is a Hadith in Sunni sources, most of the Sunni scholars take  as a true hadith.  This hadith is narrated in , Sunan Abu Dawood, Ibne Maja and others. The holy prophet said “You must then follow my Sunnah and that of the rightly-guided caliphs".

Our Sunni brothers recite this hadith day and night. They do not tell the complete hadith which says after me you will fall in to afflictions, you obey your ruler even he is would black African, You must then follow my Sunnah and that of the rightly-guided caliphs. Hold to it and stick fast to it. Avoid novelties, for every novelty is an innovation, and every innovation is an error.”

Our Sunni fellows do not have exact clue about who are those rightly-guided Caliphs.  It is clearly mentioned in above hadith that there will be afflictions, rulers and rightly-guided Caliphs. Please find some more narrations about the rulers after the Holy Prophet and Caliphs of the Holy Prophet in Sahih Muslim.

When the holy Prophet recommended following the rightly-guided caliphs, it was his responsibility to introduce those caliphs. At least the prophet must introduce that system which could produce those rightly-guided caliphs.

Sunni point of view says the opposite of this hadith the prophet did not appoint any successor nor those caliphs never mention anything about themselves that the prophet made them as a successor. Those Caliphs got Govt. accidently, anybody could be the Caliphs (Talha, Zubair, Abdul rahman bin Owaf etc). It is so strange that those Caliphs got the authority to change the sharia law.

In this Hadith, The Holy Prophet ordered to follow the rightly-guided caliphs after him. It was the responsibility of Prophet to give brief introduction of those Caliphs by telling their names. So the believers won’t be misguided. Those Caliphs which are mentioned by the Prophet must have adequate knowledge about the Quran and Sunnah and must not do the mistakes; otherwise they can misguide people.

Yes, the Holy Prophet gave enough introduction of his Caliphs (successors).Those rightly-guided caliphs are the 12 successors of the Prophet. Those are the 12 Imams from the progeny of the Prophet. They claimed about themselves that they are the successors of the prophet of Islam. They are the one who invited people towards them to test them with knowledge, with the miracles etc. Their lives testify that they are the Caliphs of messenger of Allah(swt).

The above mentioned hadith proves the Shia's point of view about Caliphate. According to Shia's point of view, it is the responsibility of Allah and his messenger to introduce those personalities whom people should follow. It is for the sake of guidance and to save them from divisions on the name of Quran and Sunnah.

We agree that we have two major sources to understand Islam. Those are Quran and Sunnah. Quran does not speak by itself; we need interpretation and explanation by the Prophet and his Caliphs as we mentioned earlier.

Same thing about the Sunnah of the Prophet, there is so much contradiction on the Sunnah of the Prophet between the companions.

It is natural that there would be contradictions and misunderstandings, because different people have different level of understanding and opportunities.

In case of contradictions, the Sunnah of prophet does not speak out that I am the true Sunnah. There should be some special arrangement. There must be some authorized people who will explain the Sunnah of the prophet.

Those Authorized people are the Caliphs (12 successors) of the Prophet.

We want to give some examples from Bukhari and Muslim to make it more clear for our brothers and sisters.

Example No.1:    Bukhari Chapter  Tayammum, Two prominent Companions contradict with The Holy Quran, here is the link,

Please read the above narrations about Tayammum in Bukhari how Omar bin khattab and Abdullah bin Maood do not agree with the verse of tayammum and the Sunnah of Prophet. 

Example No.2:    Umar bin Khattab and law of Hajj and divorce

Please read the narrations

About the law of Hajj  

About the law of divorce   

Example No.3: Contradiction of Abu Hurairah with (mother) Ayesha in Bukhari

Please read the narration in Bukhari 

Example No.4:  Another Contradiction of Abu Hurairah with mother Ayesha in Sahih Muslim

Please more intersting narrations that Woman, dog and donkey invalidate the prayer but mother Ayesha contradicts with Abu Hurairah  

Example No.5: Contradiction of (mother) Ayesha with other wives of The Holy Prophet

Adult suckling is a shocking issues in Sunni books of Ahadith, Please read the narrations about it and also read ow Umme Salma (wife of The Prophet) contradict with Ayesha.Please read more narrations about it 

Please read this shameful fatwa of Wahhabi sheikh based on those Ahadith which he learnt from (Mother) Ayesha. Here is the link. http://www.aolnews.com/2010/06/04/saudi-clerics-advocate-adult-breastfeeding/

Example No.6   Contradiction between Ayesha and Omar bin Khattab.

Please find the narration in Bukhari.

Example No.7: Ayesh (wife of the Prophet) and Uthman (third caliph) performed against sharia law. Please find the narrations in Sahih Muslim

Example No.8:  presentation of Abu Hurairah about performing the Wudu

Please read the narrations is Sahih Muslim.

Please find the narrations in different Sunni books of Ahadith about wipening the feet, even Imam Ali as use to wipe the feet. Molana Ishaq also told in his video with the reference of Ibn e Hajjar book name FATHUL BARI that Imam Ali as , Abdullah bin Abbas and Anas bin Malik used to perform MASAH on their feet.

We can give many more examples. But it is already enough to understand and accept that there should be a special source and special arrangement by Allah to preserve the Sunnah of his Messenger.

We know that there are four Sunni schools of thought in sharia law (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafe,e, Hanabali). These are four Mujtahid (fuqaha) who arranged the Sunni sharia law. These four scholars passed away 13 centuries ago. Why there is no other scholar who can arrange the sharia law?

Is there any hadith that says only these people can arrange the sharia law and nobody else? Is the wisdom and knowledge blocked in Sunni scholars after these 4 personalities? Did our Sunni brothers and sisters tried to find this answer?

It is a real story that it is hard to arrange the sharia law in Sunni school of thought because there is so much contradiction on the Sunnah of Prophet. These four scholars showed some courage, accepted some and rejected some part and mixed their personal ideas as sharia law (that’s why QAYAS is one source in Sunni sharia law).

But after those 4 scholars, centuries have passed, Other Sunni scholars could not come up with the courage of arranging sharia law

While in Shia Imamia which is real Islam, they have enough explanation of Quran and Sunnah from the 12 Successors of the Prophet. They do not have any difficulty to arrange the sharia law applicable in all generation. That’s why there are Shia fuqha (mujtahideen) in every generation or in every present times, they arrange the sharia law, take the responsibility on their shoulders and invite the people for their taqleed.

In the past decade Ayatollah Khoie and Imam Khomeini were prominent Fuqha they arranged the sharia law and invited people to do their taqleed. In present times Syed Sistani is the prominent Shia Mujtahid and some more personalities.

In Shia it is not allowed to do the taqleed of passed Mujtahid who passed away centuries ago. The Mujtahid of present time who knows Islam according to the current situation and takes the responsibility of sharia law and we are supposed to follow the sharia law arranged by him.

Now we can easily understand this reality why this verse was revealed at Ghadir e Khum

“O Apostle! Deliver what has been sent down to you from your Lord; and if you don't do it, you have not delivered His message (at all); and Allah will protect you from the people “(Quran 5:67).

The Holy Prophet preached Islam in his whole life. What was the important thing which he has not done yet completely! It was the farewell speech for the announcement of his successor that’s why the prophet was told if you do not do it you have not delivered His message (at all).

The Holy Prophet had worries that those people who do not have Islam deep in their heart they might oppose it because they will take it as if the Prophet appointed his cousin after him. Allah gave guarantee to his messenger that “Allah will protect you from the people” In the verse word people is used not kafir (idols worshiper) because it was related to the Prophet’s own people.

After the Ghadir sermon and after the announcement of Imam Ali's wilayat this verse was revealed:

"Today I have perfected your religion and completed my bounty upon you, and I was satisfied that Islam be your religion." (Quran 5:3)

(many Sunni sources testify this also, al-Durr al- Manthur, by al-Hafiz Jalaluddin al-Suyuti, v3, p19, Manaqib, by Khawarazmi al-Hanfi, p80, History of Damascus, Ibn Asakir, v2, p75 etc.)

The above verse clearly indicates that Islam without clearing up the matter of leadership after the Prophet was not complete, and completion of religion was due to announcement of Prophet's immediate successor.

Please an interesting narration from Sahih Muslim about this narartion.

(Someone may raise the question that how come the verse of completion of Quran is before the verse (5:67)? We want to say that compilation of Quran itself is a detailed topic, shortly we want to answer that we can see some Surahs revealed in Medina are first compiled in Quran than the Surahs revealed in Mecca. It is proven in Sunnis and Shias that verse (5:3) about the completion of Islam was revealed at the end, but we do not find it at the end of Quran.)

If we do not understand and accept the matter of successorship of the holy Prophet, It will be hard to understand Islam completely and truly.

We can see terrorism, extremism, Wahhabism, Talibanization on the name of interpretations of Islam. This is the end product of neglecting Ahlalbait who are the central figures of Islam and real successor of the holy Prophet.

We end our article with the words of Imam Ali(as) the end part of sermon 2 from Nahjul Balagha

”None in the Islamic community can be taken at part with the Progeny of the Prophet (Ahlalbait). One who was under their obligation cannot be matched with them. They are the foundation of religion and pillar of Belief. The forward runner has to turn back to them while the follower has to overtake them. They possess the chief characteristics for vicegerency. In their favour exists the will and succession (of the Prophet). This is the time when right has returned to its owner and diverted to its center of return.”

May Allah(swt) guide those who seek for truth and send blessings to holy Prophet Mohammad(PBUH) and his Ahlalbait

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